Security Risks And Risk Management - 1267 Words

EHEALTH SECURITY RISK MANAGEMENT Abstract Protecting the data related to health sector, business organizations, information technology, etc. is highly essential as they are subject to various threats and hazards periodically. In order to provide security, the information has to adapt to certain risk analysis and management techniques which has to be done dynamically with the changes in environment. This paper briefly describes about analyzing the security risks and risk management processes to be followed for electronic health records to ensure privacy and security. Overview of Security Risk Management: The data present in the Electronic Health Records that are recorded, maintained or transmitted by the third party devices and so, must be†¦show more content†¦Further, privacy and security are like chronic diseases that require treatment, continuous monitoring and evaluation, and periodic adjustment. According to HIPAA, the required implementation specification for risk analysis requires a covered entity to, â€Å"conduct an accurate and thorough assessment of the potential risks and vulnerabilities to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of electronic protected health information held by the covered entity.† The process of risk analysis consists of 9 steps: Step 1. System Characterization: Initially system characterization is required to accelerate the process of risk analysis. Through this process, the information that is needed to be protected is identified. Some of the examples of applications include Electronic health records, Laboratory information system, and pharmacy system. The general support systems consist of computers, laptops, smartphones, email, etc. which are used in the organization to support various applications. The risk analysis should stress upon systems that have more effect on healthcare operations Step 2. Threat Identification: The next step is to identify threats. Threats can be of anything from earthquakes and tornadoes to human errors, carelessness, hacking, hardware failure, power outage, etc. Identifying all the threats is not necessary but it is important to identify the regularShow MoreRelatedSecurity Risks And Risk Management Process1263 Words   |  6 Pagesprovide security, the information has to adapt to certain risk analysis and management techniques which has to be done dynamically with the changes in environment. This paper briefly describes about analyzing the security risks and risk management processes to be followed for electronic health records to ensure privacy and security. Overview of Security Risk Management: Security is being free from threats. 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Sadly many technicians or network administrators don’t pay enough attention to the risk management and security field, leaving entire network unprotected to many treat that are out there. Risk management and network security can be combined in one word and it is prevention, but what happens when the network managers are not preventive at all, because they only care or think about an issue when it arisesRead MoreRisk Management And Homeland Security1309 Words   |  6 PagesRisk Management and Homeland Security The nation’s homeland security is a very multifaceted environment which must be controlled to effective function at its highest potential. â€Å"The safety, security, and resilience of the Nation are threatened by an array of hazards, including acts of terrorism, manmade accidents, and natural disasters† (DHS., 2011). All together, homeland security agencies must manage risks at all levels connected with an array of components. Collectively, these external andRead MoreInformation Security And Risk Management926 Words   |  4 PagesISOL 533- Information Security and Risk Management. I also got an internship opportunity of a part time CPT with Sapot Systems Inc as a Software Engineer. The knowledge and interest I had along with these courses, helped me to go that extra mile in my day to day job responsibility. Course learnings and It s impact on the Internship: Through ISOL-633, I got an extensive knowledge of Information security encompassing the US legal system and federal governance, security and privacy of financial

Cloning An Controversial Article Titled Experimental...

Rohini Krishnan Professor Sara Goering PHIL 242 21st November 2014 Reproductive Cloning Joshua Lederberg’s controversial article titled â€Å"Experimental Genetic and Human Evolution† promoting human cloning, published in the 60’s sparked the widespread debate on cloning that would continue for decades to come. Leon Kass, leader of the President’s council of bioethics and a prominent figure in this debate, engaged in a lively debate with Lederberg where he argued that the â€Å"programmed reproduction of a man would, in fact, dehumanize him.† Lederberg and Kass are arguably the most well-known figures in the debate surrounding the issue of human reproductive cloning, and their hardline views on this matter, to a large extent, reflect the views of most people I have talked to about human cloning. On reading pieces published by various medical ethicists and philosophers, I have had a hard-time distinguishing what pieces of information we can really trust as the process of human cloning and all of its perceived implic ations because of what they are: perceptions. We still have no real way of knowing what a â€Å"developed† process of cloning would look like and the only way we can really discuss this is to make rational assumptions of how human cloning could take place (the duration, whether the child will have a gestation period within the mother, the potential biological impediments of the process, etc). However, even so, we still have no real idea of how it would actually change societalShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagespsychoanalysis The evolution of management as reflected through the lens of modernist organization theory Perspectives and challenges 2 54 100 148 198 242 282 330 382 432 . . Contents Preface List of figures List of tables Acknowledgements xiii xvii xix xx Chapter 1 Introducing organization theory: what is it, and why does it matter? Introduction What is organization theory? Defining theory What are organizations? The relationship between organization theory and human activities

Ghibertis Baptistry Doors (3Rd Set) Essay Example For Students

Ghibertis Baptistry Doors (3Rd Set) Essay Ghibertis Baptistry Doors (3Rd Set)The work of art that I chose to do my research paper on was Ghibertis 3rd set of Baptistry Doors. These doors are known as The Gates of Paradise. The doors were commissioned in 1427; they were finally completed and installed in 1452 at the eastern entrance of the Baptistry of San Giovanni. The replication of the doors is located in San Francisco, at Grace Cathedral. The doors consist of ten square panels, gilded together. Surrounding the panels are small heads, floral motifs, and niches that contain miniature statues of Prophets. Leonardo Bruni created the iconographic formula, taken from stories of the Old Testament. Ghiberti followed the plans and created 10 scenes ranging from the Creation of Adam and Eve to the reign of King Solomon. The top left panel is the scene of the Creation, Temptation and Expulsion of Adam and Eve. The top right panel is the scene of Cain murdering Abel. The next panel is of Noah and the Flood; then Abraham sacrificing I saac; Jacob and Esau; Joseph being sold into slavery by his brothers; Moses receiving the Ten Commandments; Joshua and the battle of Jericho; David and Goliath; and finally Solomon and the Queen of Sheba. All the panels were gilded in gold, giving them a uniform and seamless perspective. Ghiberti was a master of using perspective in his works. The attention to detail is apparent when you examine closely the sculpted figures in each panel. They all seem three-dimensional. The way in which Ghiberti sculpted each figure, gives them a shadow against the background which is key to the three-dimensional perspective of each figure. The way in which the panels were positioned on the doors is interesting. Instead of using smaller panels, which would allow for more scenes, Ghiberti chose to use large panels that are easy to see. The miniature figures and heads surrounding the ten panels is another interesting point. The full body figures are Prophets. There are 20 prophets surrounding the panels. Most likely they were also taken from the Old Testament. Each of these prophets is in the motion of some type of action. Their action is probably what they were known for and why they became Prophets. Again, Ghiberti gives each a three-dimensional pose. He is past the old ways of symmetry and each figure looks realistic in pose. They have a weight shifted stance that adds to the realism of each. The detail on each is also magnificent. The folds in the garment are clearly depicted. The way the clothes drape on the bodies is also realistic. They gather more on one side as opposed to the other side. The way the bodies limbs press underneath the garments also show great attention to detail. There are 24 heads also placed on the outside of the panels. The people that these heads depict are unknown. The only head that is known is of Ghiberti himself. His head is located at the lower right corner of the Jacob and Esau panel. As you can tell by his self-portrayal, Ghiberti was a man about 30-40 years of age. Again, Ghiberti chose to pay great attention to detail for these heads. The way the heads were fashioned is like the techniques used by the Romans. Their heads come out of a circular ring, and part of their upper body is visible. The ways in which the heads are sculpted give them a background shadow that adds to their three-dimensionalism. Its been argued that the people that these heads represent friends of Ghiberti. The perspective used in each of the panels is unique. They all use linear perspective, which Ghiberti became known for. Like Massacio, Ghiberti used the perspective of building and how they relate to certain viewpoints. As the figures and buildings recede into the background, they all have a certain detail of spatial depth. The figures and buildings in the background are considerably smaller than those in the foreground are. The scenery in the background adds to the sense of depth in the panels. If you look at a certain panel, the horizon extends well past the current scene in each panel. Ghiberti knew how to use the vanishing point and could manipulate it to give each panel a certain view of the scene. The perspective of each panel adds to the th ree-dimensionality of each one. The way the buildings are sculpted is like those in Massacios paintings. Each panel holds a certain story of the Old Testament. In each panel, theyre different scenes of each story. Characters in the panels appear in different places, so that the whole story can be told instead of a particular scene. The panel of Jacob and Esau is one of the more interesting ones in the set. In this panel, Ghiberti tells the story of Esau and his son Jacob. Esau is choosing one of his sons that will take his place. Jacobs mother was able to get Jacob into Esaus room while he was about to choose his successor. Esau eventually chooses Jacob to take his place. Jacob and Esau are in many locations in the panel. In the panel, you can see Esaus birth, Jacob talking with Esau, Esau hunting, and Esaus mother talking with Jacob and also Jacob giving Esau his birthright. The building in the middle of the panel are interesting because of its use of perspective and how it recedes into the background. The building is an open hallway with a stairs. Columns with Corinthian capitals support the arches of the hallway. On top of the arches is a balcony. The ways in which the floor tiles are sculpted lead to the belief that there is a vanishing point that they all point to. Again, Ghiberti uses background scenery to add to the perspective of depth. The different scenes in the panel also add to the uniqueness of the door panels. In this panel, off in the distance, on the right, Esau can be seen hunting on a hill. On the left side of this panel, is the scene of Esaus birth. In the middle of the panel, Jacob is seen talking to Esau. On the right foreground, Jacob is bestowing upon Esau his birthright. The figures in this scene are sculpted in the subtractive method. Ghiberti took great care to make sure that each figure was fully represented in detail. The garment on each of the figures is realistic in the way they drape across the bodies. The folds of the cloth add to the sense of realism. You can tell that Ghiberti understood how clothes flow on a body. Each figures limbs can be seen pressing against the garments, allowing the viewer to see how the limbs bend and stretch underneath the clothes. Another interesting panel, is the one of Moses receiving the Ten Commandments. Ghiberti uses the horizon to add to depth of the panel. It seems as though the background extends indefinitely to the horizon. The tents in the background are shown as progressively smaller objects. This makes them seem as though they are far away from the scene in the panel. Each of the trees is of a different size, giving the sense of depth and distance from the viewer. The scene of Moses on top of Mt. Sinai, could have been done better. It seems that Mt. Sinai is more of a hill than a mountain. Ghiberti could have made Moses smaller in size or maybe the crowd below smaller in relative size. The depiction of God handing Moses the Ten Commandments is unique. God is shown as some sort of flowing cloud floating with a convoy of angels. Two angels are playing trumpets to sound the coming of God. The crowd below is seen praying and also some are cowering before God and this holy spectacle. The way in which Ghiberti chose to carve each figure and object in this scene is interesting. The figures in the foreground received a lot of attention to their detail and the way they seem to stick out of the panel. The buildings in the back dont have much detail in their carving. They dont stick out as much as those figures in the foreground. .ue179bbcb8ece54e4909c7334ce8afd6d , .ue179bbcb8ece54e4909c7334ce8afd6d .postImageUrl , .ue179bbcb8ece54e4909c7334ce8afd6d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue179bbcb8ece54e4909c7334ce8afd6d , .ue179bbcb8ece54e4909c7334ce8afd6d:hover , .ue179bbcb8ece54e4909c7334ce8afd6d:visited , .ue179bbcb8ece54e4909c7334ce8afd6d:active { border:0!important; } .ue179bbcb8ece54e4909c7334ce8afd6d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue179bbcb8ece54e4909c7334ce8afd6d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue179bbcb8ece54e4909c7334ce8afd6d:active , .ue179bbcb8ece54e4909c7334ce8afd6d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue179bbcb8ece54e4909c7334ce8afd6d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue179bbcb8ece54e4909c7334ce8afd6d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue179bbcb8ece54e4909c7334ce8afd6d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue179bbcb8ece54e4909c7334ce8afd6d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue179bbcb8ece54e4909c7334ce8afd6d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue179bbcb8ece54e4909c7334ce8afd6d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue179bbcb8ece54e4909c7334ce8afd6d .ue179bbcb8ece54e4909c7334ce8afd6d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue179bbcb8ece54e4909c7334ce8afd6d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Entertainment And Education EssayThe scene of David and Goliath is also noteworthy. In the lower portion of the panel, David is seen chopping Goliaths head off. The rest of the panel deals with the battle against the Philistines. Its interesting how Ghiberti chose to portray David. According to the story, David is in his early teens. In the panel, David seems as though he has the body of an adult. The expression of the soldiers watching David kill Goliath is dealt with great detail. They are in shock and awe of this sight. Toward the right of the panel, the battle rages on as the two armies fight. The figures seem as though in motion, because of the way they are carved and the pose they are in. Again, Ghiberti uses the technique of linear perspective in this panel. As the viewer looks toward the background, the images and figures seem to fade. This gives the objects in the background, such as the city, a sense of distance in relation to the battle in the foreground. The armor of each soldier is in great detail. You can see the different folds of leather of the soldiers skirts. The multitude of figures in the scene is handled well. Ghiberti was able to carve many heads and helmets onto the panel to give the appearance of many figures. Overall, the 3rd set of Baptistry Doors, also known as the Gates of Paradise, are a magnificent work of art. Even to this day, these doors are considered a masterpiece. They represent many of the styles and techniques used in the Renaissance. The original panels are now in the Museum of the Opera del Duomo. Ghiberti chose to use the gold highlights to give the panels a precious finish. These panels are well known for the use of perspective and pictorial effects. Ghiberti was a master of his art and created something unmatchable even today. Arts Essays

Opression and Inequality free essay sample

â€Å"Racism, Oppression, and Inequality within The Welcome Table and Country Lovers† In this paper I will analyze the similarities and differences between Country Lovers written in 1975 by Nadine Gordimer, and The Welcome Table written in 1970 by Alice Walker. The overall theme and concept between The Welcome Table and Country Lovers are racism, oppression, and inequality which I analyze with critical thought and precision. Before I can begin to draw any conclusion as to comparing and contrasting the two stories Country Lovers and The Welcome Table, I must first familiarize myself to several important concepts of each story. These important concepts consist of the plot, theme, list of characters involved, the setting, the style, and the tone of the narrator. Also, what method does the narrator utilize to gain and keep the attention of the reader at a maximum level? The Welcome Table, written by Alice Walker, is one of the most enjoyable and inspiring pieces of literature I have ever read. We will write a custom essay sample on Opression and Inequality or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Welcome Table’s style is formatted in the third person point of view, but frequently shifts throughout the story. The beginning or the first part of the story is told strictly from the white people’s perspective as they witness an elderly black woman nearly blind, with a lean build and grayish tone to her skin enters their church. The historical development of the African-American woman can be traced within the African-American literary tradition while locating religion as a central influence of her strength character, and dedication (LaGrone, 2009). The author does a superlative job enhancing the story by incorporating such a descriptive nature to the characters. Particularly the main character which was described by her attire as being an old mildewed black dress with missing buttons and a greased stained head rag covering her pigtails. The elderly black woman was further described as having blue-brown eyes with very wrinkled skin. It was also mentioned of how profusely perspiring the elderly black woman was 2 1 2 1. plot, theme, list of characters This sentence is not balanced or parallel. For example, incorrect: The child spent the day singing, dancing, and played in the sandbox. Notice that played is not parallel with singing and dancing. Correct: The child spent the day singing, dancing, and playing in the sandbox. Example: Plot, theme, characters, etc. [Monique Sheffield] 2. The historical development of the If this is a direct quote it should be in quotation marks. However, the quote doesnt support wat you are saying. Consider either using another quote that support what you stated or adding more information that leads up to your quote. [Monique Sheffield] RACISM, OPPRESSION AND INEQUAL 3 when she arrived at the church, which in my opinion illustrates the fatigue and the struggle in which she endured. By incorporating vivid elements of descriptive images, the author made it rather easy to unite with this amazing journey. The race problem is not really an issue of cultural deficiency, racial bias, or structural dislocation. The race problem is an issue of power (Kuykendall, 2005). The story continued in the white people’s perspective after she took her seat, more directly pertaining to the usher who was informed to tell the elderly black woman to leave. The point of view switches to the white women inside the church, due to the fact the white women took it as a personal insult. The constant back and forth changing of the narrator in my opinion, heightens the intensity and emotional depth to this literary work. The narration of the story changed once again to the spouses of the white women who felt as though they were insulted by the mere presence of the elderly black lady. The white men followed the instructions that were given and aggressive with force threw the elderly black woman out of the church. After the elderly woman is thrown out of the church the narration switches back to the main character of the story. The truth is that until we can understand the pain we inflict on each other because of hatred and exclusion, we will never fully understand why racial reconciliation is so essential to the future of American (Waller, 2000). The next episode or set of events introduces the climax in the story. According to Clugston (2010) the climax of a story is the high point of tension that becomes the turning point in which the outcome is determined. We must strive to reinterpret the sociopolitical dynamics of race, to free the mind and heart as much as possible from the mistakes of the past (Winant, 1994). In my opinion the elderly woman’s turning point was the arrival of Jesus. To those of us who believe in 3 1 2 1. which in my opinion illustrates In a comparison/contrast paper keep your opinion out. You are not writing an opnion paper. [Monique Sheffield] 2. The race problem is not really Again, your quotes are not fitting the paper. If you need assistance incorporating sources into your research paper, select the â€Å"Library† tab on the left side of your online classroom. Next, go to Tutorials Sources Incorporating Sources into Your Research Paper. This video focuses on how to effectively incorporate sources into your research assignment. [Monique Sheffield] RACISM, OPPRESSION AND INEQUAL 4 Jesus Christ just as the elderly woman it was truly an epiphany. An epiphany is defined as a profound and sudden personal discovery (Clugston, 2010). After her visual image became clear, and she realized who it was, she started jumping about and slapping her hands on her knees. This is an example of the overwhelming joy and excitement she was experiencing. Jesus was described as wearing an immaculate white, long dress trimmed in gold around his neck and hem, and a red, bright red cape. He was also wearing sandals and had a beard which was centered upon his long brown hair. This statement once again illustrates the profound descriptive nature of the story which contributes to the story’s appearance. According to Clugston (2010), simile is defined as a direct comparison of two objects that are similar in at least one aspect, using like or as to link the similarities. In this particular event the author referenced the face of Jesus Christ to that of a glowing candle. His steps were mentioned to be â€Å"sure† and â€Å"perfect† as if He was walking on the sea. As the elderly woman and Jesus began to walk together she started to tell Him about the many years she took care of them, cooking, cleaning and nursing. We have pursued the shadow, they have obtained the substance; we have performed the labor, they have received the profits; we have planted the vines, they have eaten the fruits (1,200). This excerpt of oppression and injustice was felt by the elderly woman. After releasing all of her frustrations, cares, and problems Jesus smiled at her and instantly she felt as though a burden had been removed. The burden of the elderly woman reflects the theme of the story which is a combination of racism, oppression, and inequality. Another descriptive comparison was related to the ground Jesus and the elderly lady walked on, it was compared to walking on the clouds. A very interesting ending occurred in this story; no one actually knew what happened to the elderly woman. There came about many speculations. The white members of the town never talked about her. Many of the black families along the road stated â€Å"they saw the old 4 1 1. Good job on describing the plot of this story. [Monique Sheffield] RACISM, OPPRESSION AND INEQUAL 5 lady high stepping down the highway; sometimes jabbering in a low insistent voice, sometimes singing, sometimes merely gesturing excitedly with her hands. † Country Lovers written by 1975 by Nadine Gordimer was narrated using the third person point of view. The main characters involved in this particular story were Thebedi, Paulus Eysendyck, and Njabulo. Thebedi, a poor black girl, who was 18 years of age, grew up in the Kraal of South Africa working as a farm hand with her father on the property of her childhood friend Paulus Eysendyck. Paulus was a young, white, 19 year old whose father owned the land. Over the years Paulus grew fond of Thebedi. Paulus’ endearment towards Thebedi was illustrated by bringing Thebedi a painted box from when he attended boarding school. Thebedi also showed her affection toward Paulus by giving him a bracelet she had made out of brass wire. The theme of this story is based around the perils of apartheid, segregation and racism. Their actions (Paulus and Thebedi) exemplified the policies of the South African because they carefully, strategically plan their encounters. Njabulo, a bright young black boy who lives in the Kraal also worked on the farm. Njabulo had a secret crush on Thebedi for years, but did not act on it until Paulus entered Veterinary College. It was at this time that Njabulo asked Thebedi’s father for her hand in marriage. It is customary to distribute brides-wealth to the parents of the bride. Two months into their marriage Thebedi gave birth to a baby girl. At this point in the story the narrator uses descriptive literary terms to entice the reader to become fully engaged. The characteristics of the baby girl were design to initiate the climax of the story. It was mention that the infant’s features were as follows. Her complexion was very light with straight fine hair and her eyes were grey flecked with yellow. These features were very inconsistent with those of both parents being Afro-American. Nevertheless, Njabulo made no 5 1 1. You have summarized some of the story, but have not stated anything that supports the theme. [Monique Sheffield] RACISM, OPPRESSION AND INEQUAL 6 complaints. After Paulus returns home for the holidays, the plot thickens or shall I say takes a turn for the worst. To Paulus’ amazement he overheard the house-servants acquiring about getting a reliable substitute to help out now that Thebedi had a baby. At first glance of the infant Paulus struggled with a grimace of tears, anger, and self- pity. After Paulus asked Thebedi if she had been near the main house with the baby; the way she answered him somewhat confused me. The tone of her voice reflected she cared more about him (Paulus) than the baby. Paulus returned a couple days later to revisit Thebedi and the baby. After remaining in the hut for an extended time, Paulus finally left. The next morning Njabulo found the baby to be dead and buried her. After pathological tests were completed, evidence showed intestinal damage not consistent with death by natural causes. This is another point in the story that thickens the plot, and decreases the credibility of both Paulus and Thebedi. Thebedi rendered a statement at the preliminary examination, â€Å"I saw Paulus pouring liquid into the baby’s mouth. † This statement is a blatant paradox. According to Clugston (2010), a paradox is defined as a contradiction. The comparison and contrast aspect of The Welcome Table and Country Lovers falls into the category of racism, segregation, inequality. In order to give proper respect and credit to the author, I will analyze in depth the tools that were used to portray a perfectly painted picture, starting with The Welcome Table. The setting, the style, the vast proportions of literary terms all combined, paints a vivid reenactment of struggles that Afro-Americans have endured for so many years. For many years Alice Walker has played an integral role contributing to the cause of equal rights for minorities, particularly Afro-Americans. Through the use of her expertise, she has instilled in so many that we must never forget the many years of oppression, filled with endless 6 1 2 3 1. or shall I say takes a turn for Some of the language you are using is informal or conversational in style. Academic writing is structured and formal. What may seem appropriate in everyday conversation is not necessarily appropriate for your essay. [Monique Sheffield] 2. me. Unless you are writing a personal opinion or biographical paper, avoid the use of the personal pronouns I, me, and you. They are considered informal in academic writing. For additional information, visit the Ashford Writing Center located in Constellation. Click on Ch 2. 2. [Monique Sheffield] 3. Thebedi rendered a statement at Explain this more. [Monique Sheffield] RACISM, OPPRESSION AND INEQUAL 7 sacrifices and never ending desire to overcome. Furthermore it is of the uttermost importance to continually strive for advancement. Even though the literary work of Country Lovers deals with racism and segregation, it was based on a romantic and intimate encounter of childhood sweethearts. The Welcome Table portrayed, in my opinion, the true struggles which transpired in the days before the abolishment of slavery. I think the tone portrayed in The Welcome Table showed evidence that when read could very well captivate your entire train of thought. The tone that was used in The Welcome Table increased in strength as the story migrated. All the way to the end of the story, I wanted to continue reading, unlike Country Lovers. In my opinion Country Lovers’ tone was not as strong. The settings of both were written in a time where even though laws were passed to ban or revoke discrimination, it was still apparent and practice regularly. One major difference in my opinion was the style of The Welcome Table compared to that of Country Lovers. Even though both literary works are categorized as being told in the third person, The Welcome Table actually changed narrators several times which in my opinion added life and charisma to the story. For example, The Welcome Table narration went from the reverend to the old lady, back to the usher, then to the white woman of the church, to their husbands, and finally back to the elderly woman. Enclosed in my comparison and contrast essay of The Welcome Table and Country Lovers, you will find a descriptive analysis of the similarities and differences between each piece of literature. I also included the theme, plot, style and list of characters that were involved in each piece. I incorporated several literary terms which aided in the development of each story. Throughout my paper, I also described the difference between the tone of the two authors, and how 7

Nikki-Rosa essays

Nikki-Rosa essays Nikki Giovanni, born Yolade Cornelia Giovanni Jr, was born on June 7, 1943 in Knoxville, Tennessee. She was raised in the area around Cincinnati, Ohio. She attended an HBCU, Fisk University, where she became involved in the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee and the Writers ¹ Workshop. Giovanni was instrumental in the Black Arts Movement because her poetry spoke to a lot of people. Her poetry was radicalized by the Black Panthers and followers of the late Malcom X in the 60s and 70s. Her poetry became the artwork of a revolution against her own will. Giovanni wrote many poems, including Black Feeling, Black Talk(1968), Black Judgment(68), Re: Creation(70), Gemini(71), Spin a Soft Black Song(71), Ego-Tripping(73), Vacation Time(80), Those Who Ride The Night Winds(83), and Sacred Cows...and Other Edibles(88). Giovanni ¹s poetry reflects her own childhood experiences of being poor, Black, and having one parent at home. Not only did her poetry show the Black struggle in America but she also wrote children's ¹ poems and later on in her life wrote heroic, fictional poetry. Nikki Giovanni recently had a successful lung operation to battle cancer. As of 1998 she was still a professor at Virginia Tech, teaching English.  ³...Black love is Black wealth... ² Nikki Giovanni uses Nikki-Rosa as a powerful tool to paint a picture of minority life in America. Because of their adverse experiences, minorities tend to hold love and companionship at a higher value than the those who belong to the wealthy majority. In the poem, Nikki-Rosa the reader is given examples of certain childhood experiences that can be connected with a poor and/or Black child.  ³...living in Woodlawn with no inside t ...

USS Indianapolis - World War II

USS Indianapolis - World War II USS Indianapolis - Overview: Nation: United States Type: Portland-class heavy cruiser Shipyard: New York Shipbuilding Co. Laid Down: March 31, 1930 Launched: November 7, 1931 Commissioned: November 15, 1932 Fate: Sunk July 30, 1945 by I-58 Specifications: Displacement: 33,410 tons Length: 639 ft., 5 in. Beam: 90 ft. 6 in. Draft:: 30 ft. 6 in. Propulsion: 8 White-Foster boilers, single reduction geared turbines Speed: 32.7 knots Complement: 1,269 (wartime) Armament: Guns 8 x 8-inch (3 turrets with 3 guns each)8 x 5-inch guns Aircraft 2 x OS2U Kingfishers USS Indianapolis - Construction: Laid down on March 31, 1930, USS Indianapolis (CA-35) was the second of two Portland-class built by the US Navy. An improved version of the earlier Northampton-class, the Portlands were slightly heavier and mounted a larger number of 5-inch guns. Built at the New York Shipbuilding Company in Camden, NJ, Indianapolis was launched on November 7, 1931. Commissioned at the Philadelphia Navy Yard the following November, Indianapolis departed for its shakedown cruise in the Atlantic and Caribbean. Returning in February 1932, the cruiser underwent a minor refit before sailing to Maine. USS Indianapolis - Prewar Operations: Embarking President Franklin Roosevelt at Campobello Island, Indianapolis steamed to Annapolis, MD where the ship entertained members of the cabinet. That September Secretary of the Navy Claude A. Swanson came aboard and used the cruiser for an inspection tour of installations in the Pacific. After participating in a number of fleet problems and training exercises, Indianapolis again embarked the President for a Good Neighbor Tour of South America in November 1936. Arriving home, the cruiser was dispatched to the West Coast for service with the US Pacific Fleet. USS Indianapolis - World War II: On December 7, 1941, as the Japanese were attacking Pearl Harbor, Indianapolis was conducting fire training off Johnston Island. Racing back to Hawaii, the cruiser immediately joined Task Force 11 to search for the enemy. In early 1942, Indianapolis sailed with the carrier USS Lexington and conducted raids in Southwest Pacific against Japanese bases on New Guinea. Ordered to Mare Island, CA for an overhaul, the cruiser returned to action that summer and joined US forces operating in the Aleutians. On August 7, 1942, Indianapolis joined in the bombardment of Japanese positions on Kiska. Remaining in northern waters, the cruiser sank the Japanese cargo ship Akagane Maru on February 19, 1943. That May, Indianapolis supported US troops as they recaptured Attu. It fulfilled a similar mission in August during the landings on Kiska. Following another refit at Mare Island, Indianapolis arrived at Pearl Harbor and was made flagship of Vice Admiral Raymond Spruances 5th Fleet. In this role, it sailed as part of Operation Galvanic on November 10, 1943. Nine days later, it provided fire support as US Marines prepared to land on Tarawa. Following the US advance across the central Pacific, Indianapolis saw action off Kwajalein and supported US air strikes across the western Carolines. In June 1944, the 5th Fleet provided support for the invasion of the Marianas. On June 13, the cruiser opened fire on Saipan before being dispatched to attack Iwo Jima and Chichi Jima. Returning, the cruiser took part in the Battle of the Philippine Sea on June 19, before resuming operations around Saipan. As the battle in the Marianas wound down, Indianapolis was sent to aid in the invasion of Peleliu that September. After brief refit at Mare Island, the cruiser joined Vice Admiral Marc A. Mitschers fast carrier task force on February 14, 1945, shortly before it attacked Tokyo. Steaming south, they aided in the landings on Iwo Jima while continuing to attack the Japanese home islands. On March 24, 1945, Indianapolis took part in the preinvasion bombardment of Okinawa. A week later, the cruiser was hit by kamikaze while off the island. Hitting Indianapolis stern, the kamikazes bomb penetrated through the ship and exploded in the water underneath. After making temporary repairs, the cruiser limped home to Mare Island. Entering the yard, the cruiser underwent extensive repair to the damage. Emerging in July 1945, the ship was tasked with the secret mission of carrying the parts for the atomic bomb to Tinian in the Marianas. Departing on July 16, and steaming at high speed, Indianapolis made record time covering 5,000 miles in ten days. Unloading the components, the ship received orders to proceed to Leyte in the Philippine and then on to Okinawa. Leaving Guam on July 28, and sailing unescorted on a direct course, Indianapolis crossed paths with the Japanese submarine I-58 two days later. Opening fire around 12:15 AM on July 30, I-58 hit Indianapolis with two torpedoes on its starboard side. Critically damaged, the cruiser sank in twelve minutes forcing around 880 survivors into the water. Due to the rapidity of the ships sinking, few life rafts were able to be launched and most of the men had only lifejackets. As the ship was operating on a secret mission, no notification had been sent to Leyte alerting them that Indianapolis was en route. As a result, it was not reported as overdue. Though three SOS messages were sent before the ship sank, they were not acted on for various reasons. For the next four days, Indianapolis surviving crew endured dehydration, starvation, exposure, and terrifying shark attacks. Around 10:25 AM on August 2, the survivors were spotted by a US aircraft conducting a routine patrol. Dropping a radio and life raft, the aircraft reported its position and all possible units were dispatched to the scene. Of the approximately 880 men who went into the water, only 321 were rescued with four of those later dying from their wounds. Among the survivors was Indianapolis commanding officer, Captain Charles Butler McVay III. After the rescue, McVay was court-martialed and convicted for failing to follow an evasive, zig-zag course. Due to evidence that the Navy had put the ship in danger and the testimony of Commander Mochitsura Hashimoto, I-58s captain, which stated that an evasive course would not have mattered, Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz remitted McVays conviction and restored him to active duty. Despite this, many of the crewmembers families blamed him for the sinking and he later committed suicide in 1968.

Removing Discriminatory Racial Profiling in Criminal Profiling Assignment

Removing Discriminatory Racial Profiling in Criminal Profiling - Assignment Example Secondary research is also important because it will validate the survey’s profiling practices and enrich knowledge about racial profiling issues across the country. Qualitative and quantitative data-collection methods will also answer RQ2. The survey will have open-ended questions about what the police think about racial profiling and how they can include it in criminal profiling without sacrificing the validity and reliability of profiling methods and findings. An interview with a criminology or criminal justice professor will also be essential in understanding academic ideas on offender profiling validity and reliability. The populations under study are the police and criminology/criminal justice professors and the sampling method is convenience sampling because of its advantages over other methods. Convenience sampling is an advantageous method because it is an easy, cost- and time-efficient method for selecting respondents (Maxfield & Babbie, 2011, p. 224). Its economy ensures that the study will not create an undue financial burden on the researcher. Furthermore, another advantage of convenience sampling is that the researcher can choose participants who are willing to respond and who possess skills and knowledge in answering pertinent survey and interview questions. Convenience sampling has its disadvantages, however. Because it is a non-probability sampling method, it may find respondents who might not be representative of the general population (Gravetter & Forzano, 2012, p. 151). The resulting sampling may be biased because the researcher cannot ensure the randomness of the selection process (G ravetter & Forzano, 2012, p. 151). This major drawback can be managed, nonetheless, through finding reasonable representatives (Gravetter & Forzano, 2012, p. 151). For  example, random sampling is still applied to a chosen police unit.   This action will help improve the generalization of the findings to the police.   

International business Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International business - Case Study Example In this mode, the statement reporting books are translated so as the proceeding activity will be taken over by the legal bodies. The importance of this type of translation is it makes sense to the financial statements and to show the position of the company’s date of home currency. It forms the simplest currency exposure that can be understood by the ordinary learners. It pertains the duration of the exposure while taking place and it involves a foreign exchange in the business. It also targets the monetary process for the profit generation. The management can initiate some strategies to control these exposures. The use of money markets, foreign exchange derivative such as future contracts and forward contracts (Levi 24). The opted strategy is the company carefully selection of production sites with the aim of reducing cost. The businesses that rely on the domestic market vary from because the profit produced by the dependent firms is high. The policies that have been implemented by the IMF will not work well with the developing countries having a young economy. The policy states that, â€Å"Since the debt crisis of 1980’s, the IMF has assumed the role of bailing out countries in case of the financial crisis. (caused in a large part by the currency speculation in the global casino economy). With the emergency loan packages tied to certain conditions, often referred to as structure adjustment policies† (Levi 24). From these policies, IMF was opposed because of some reasons. Among the reason was that from the structured adjustment policies, IMF created an immoral system of modern day colonialism. The collaboration of IMF with World Bank and WTO, it exposed the economy to inequality and destruction of the environment. Cutting expenditure on health and educations was their advice to countries so that they can pay their debt. When this is performed, elimination of necessary food and putting aside, transportation

Assets, liabilities, equity Essay Example for Free

Assets, liabilities, equity Essay Accounting, per se, is based on five types of accounts namely: assets, liabilities, equity, income and expense. These account types belong either of the Balance sheet accounts or Income and Expense accounts. Assets, liabiliites, and equity fall under the balance sheet account and the rest goes to the income and expense accoutnts. Definining each, asset is composed of a group of things that an individual or an entity owns. These includes tangible items like car, cash or often stocks (intangible) and others that possess convertible values. On the other hand, liabilities are group of things on which an individual or an entity is indebted to. Loans and mortgages are the common examples of liabilities. Equity, is what we also call net worth an amount that is represented to be the remainder after deducting the liabilities of an individual’s or an entity’s from its group of assets. Meanwhile, income is the same as profit – something that you earn as payment from the time, services, or goods that you offered in exchange of money. Expenses include all those monetaries that were used to acquire the goods or services of someone else. Amongst various accounts in an entity, the stocks swap and replacement costs are the fundamental accounts that change when an entity assimilates to a corporate merger. Stock swap is frequently used in the accounts of a corporate merger since it does not prohibit the shareholders of merging companies to distribute among them the risk that is involved in the merging transaction. Replacement cost, on the other hand is comes in when entities will employ cost in replacing that target company. However, replacment cost can only be true in most cases where an industry does not give services. References Investopedia ULC (2008) Mergers and Acquisitions: Introduction. Retrieved November 17, 2008, from http://www. investopedia. com/university/mergers/default. asp Money Instructor (2005) Basic Accounting Terminology 101. Retrieved November 17, 2008, from http://www. moneyinstructor. com/art/basicaccounting. asp

The Cradle :: essays research papers

THE CRADLE My book is called The Cradle by Arthur C. Clarke. The setting of this book takes place in sunny West Keys in Florida. The main characters in this book are Carol Dawson who is a Miami photojournalist. She takes pictures and writes stories about the pictures and sells them to the local news and newspaper. Nick Williams is a woman-hating Ivy League drop out who captains a boat for his own scuba diving company. Troy Jefferson is Nick’s trusty crewman who aids Nick in the epic story. This also is Non-Fiction. To begin the book Carol travels to the West Keys to cover a whale beaching. She meets Nick and Troy who take her out further into the sea to cover the whale beaching. Carol and Nick decide to dive where some dolphins are swimming. Everything goes good until they stumble upon a golden trident. Little did they know what it was and what power it possessed and what trouble came with it? They have several encounters with mobsters who thought it was a buried treasure, and the Navy who recently lost a new test missile around the area Nick and Carol found the golden trident. Nick, Carol, and Troy return to the spot where they found the golden troublemaker too look for any other secrets. Unfortunately they are caught in space ship which has settled there. Confused, Nick and Carol wonder around the unknown in search of answers. They found more than they bargained for. They found the secrets of the world, but worse of all; they found the fate of man kind and everything around it. After several cliffhangers Nick and Carol meet the actual aliens themselves. After showing them what is going to happen to world in a few years Nick and Carol ask them to keep the trident. The aliens wager a deal with them. Nick and Carol full fill the deal but the aliens don’t full theirs. The disappointed Nick and Carol hide the trident in a spot on the space ship, hoping that the aliens won’t find it. Nick and Carol are successful in their attempts to save man kind, and the world lives as it would today. The good points about the book were that it always left you hanging. At the end of every page it left you wondering about what will happen on the next page. It had a very good story if you like the kind of story it is.

Tom Brady Biography

There are many famous sports figures in the world today. Some are known as loud, obnoxious or stuck up. Tom Brady is non of these, Tom is a great person and athlete on and off the field. Tom was born in San Francisco on August 3rd in 1977. He was born into a very catholic family, his uncle was a priest and his father also considered being a priest. Tom is one of four children, he is the only boy, he has three sisters. Tom was a family type of guy, he went to church and after played golf with his father every week. Tom grew up playing mostly baseball and was very good at it. He didn’t even play football before high school. Tom went to a special high school for baseball. It ended up that’s where Toms football career would begin. He took an interest in football because he liked the feeling of being on a team, and bonding with the players. When he realized his high schools football team was in need of a quarterback, he tried out immediately. He went to a camp for quarterbacks, where he ultimately learned the basic skills of a quarterback. Brady had success as a high school quarterback, playing on team in a school that was known to be unsuccessful at football. When Brady graduated high school, he knew what he wanted to do was play football, not baseball. He struggled to find a college where he could have a legitimate chance to be a starting quarterback. Most collages turned him down because of his size, thinking he was to skinny, he was 5’9† 180 lbs. Brady tried to find a college near his home town San Francisco, but that didn’t happen. Tom was accepted a Michigan. He began his college career as the fourth string quarterback during his freshman year. His second year Tom ran into medical problems, he lost a lot of weight, dropping his weight to 160. That year he didn’t see significant playing time. Tom Bradys third year of college he was ready to compete for the starting QB job. He was competing with Brian Greise, son of famous NFL quarterback Bob Greise. In a very competitive competition, Brady clearly won, although it was said that Greise got the starting job because his father had something to do with it. Brady was clearly frustrated because he was clearly the better Michigan quarterback. His frustration mounted though out the season due to his lack of opportunity. In Toms fourth year Griese graduated and went to the NFL. The starting job was Toms. Although Tom was the starter, another Michigan quarterback controversy began. Michigan brought in what they though was an extremely talented and athletic quarterback in Drew Henson. Due to Henson’s high expectations, the Michigan coach devised a system in which Brady would start the first quarter and Henson would start the second and who ever played the best would finish the game in the second half. Obviously, this was a stupid idea and Brady hated it. But, Tom played through his frustration and won the job back as the full-time starter. To cap off this season Michigan went on to win the orange bowl under Bradys leadership. Following his final season at Michigan Brady graduated with a degree in organized business studies. Brady was always very focused in his studies , with reflects the countless hours he puts in watching film and studying the opponents defense. Brady was very devoted to being the best he could, doing everything he could to get better which separated him from several other college and even NFL players. The next portion of Bradys football career began with the NFL draft. Several teams didn’t want Brady, again, because he was skinny. The frustration mounted when Brady wasn’t drafted in the 1st,2nd, 3rd, 4th or 5th round. Tom was at home with his family, ready to leave, when he received a call from Bill Belicheck, telling him that he was selected by the New England Patriots in the 6th round the 199th pick overall. Toms first year with the patriots he was the 4th string QB, he worked with a group of rookies and the coaches saw a leadership quality he had. Brady, always a hard worker, attended all the off season work outs the following year and this showed another sign of his true determination. The 2001 season is when it really all began for Tom Brady. He started the season as the teams backup to Drew Bledsoe. In the second game of the season Brady had his first real chance to prove him self as an NFL QB. Drew Bledsoe was knocked out for weeks with an injury, clearing the way for Brady to the starter. Bradys transition to starter went smoothly, he and the whole team had a great relationship. Brady urged and motivated the players to work hard, and it paid off. All in the same season Brady lead the patriots to the Super Bowl. They were 12 point underdogs to the St. Louis Rams. Brady and the Patriots won the Super Bowl and this was the beginning of making him the icon he is today. Tom Brady is a true Legend already, only in his 7th NFL season. He has already won three Super Bowls, two super bowl MVPs and one NFL MVP. Tom Brady shows how devotion, hard work and dedication all can make dreams come true. Brady started off as a skinny quarterback who no one really wanted, he proved them all wrong by everything he did and is a true NFL legend.

Office Administration

Office Administration Project Learning Objectives At the end of this project students will be able to: Prepare an application for a job Complete application forms for employment Prepare various types of follow-up letters, letters of acceptance/non-acceptance Mark Scheme Task Description Mark Allocated Dream Job A. Reason for Interest In the particular Job chosen B. Qualifications necessary for the Job chosen 10 2 Resume Resume complete with all its relevant parts Dream Job Cover Letter Application Form Accurate completion of form 3 A. B. C. D. 8 4 Letter of applicationFollow-up letter Acceptance letter Letter declining offer Resignation letter Presentation A. Cover page (name, class, date project was given & due, teacher's name and title of project) B. Table of Contents (complete with headings and page numbers) C. Introduction (Give an overview of project) D. Acknowledgements E. Body of Project Conclusion (summary of the project and how they benefited from doing the project) G. Refer ence page Assignment Part 1 Outline what your dream Job is upon leaving school and the qualifications necessary for obtaining that Job. Remember it must be an entry level position.One paragraph should be sufficient. Part 2 Create a resume tailed for your dream Job. This resume must truly reflect who you are while containing all the necessary parts. Part 3 Letters You are charged with the responsibility of constructing a cover letter to accompany your dream Job resume. This application letter must be addressed to a suitable organization. The letter is to be typed in full block style. Letters must have proper grammar, spelling and punctuation. Part 4 Using the information provided on the advertisement for Sour Sop Grove Hotel sections MUST be completed.Worksheet Part 5 Soup Sop Grove Hotel is seeking an individual to fill a position of Requirements for Receptionist: Must have over 5 EX. subjects Mathematics and English included 0 Computer Literate (Microsoft Word, Excel and Publisher) Must be between age 18 and over Must have a bubbly and pleasant personality Must be able to work under pressure Requirements for Accounts Clerk: Must have over 5 EX. subjects Accounting, Mathematics and English included Must have Cookbooks basic knowledge Must be able to work under little or no supervision Computer Literate Microsoft Word, Excel and Publisher) All applicants must be citizens of Antigen and Barbuda or have rights to work in Antigen and Barbuda. Only suitable applicants will be acknowledged. All applicants are required to send applications to the following address. Soup Sop Grove Hotel Human Resources Department Linesmen Beach SST. Marry Antigen Deadline for application is December 7th, 2013 You are required to do the following: 1 .Application letter 0 Write a letter applying for one of the positions in the above advertisements. 2. Follow-up letter 0 You have not received a reply to your application to Sour Sop Grove Hotel for the session for which you applied. Two m onths have passed. Write a follow-up letter. 3. Acceptance letter 0 Assume that you have been offered the position for which you have applied at the Sour Sop Grove Hotel. You were sent two copies of a contract of employment. Write a letter accepting the position. Letter Declining the Offer 4. 0 Assume for some reason you have decided not to accept the post offered you at the Sour Sop Grove Hotel. Write a letter to the firm declining the offer. 5. Office Administration Office Administration Project Learning Objectives At the end of this project students will be able to: Prepare an application for a job Complete application forms for employment Prepare various types of follow-up letters, letters of acceptance/non-acceptance Mark Scheme Task Description Mark Allocated Dream Job A. Reason for Interest In the particular Job chosen B. Qualifications necessary for the Job chosen 10 2 Resume Resume complete with all its relevant parts Dream Job Cover Letter Application Form Accurate completion of form 3 A. B. C. D. 8 4 Letter of applicationFollow-up letter Acceptance letter Letter declining offer Resignation letter Presentation A. Cover page (name, class, date project was given & due, teacher's name and title of project) B. Table of Contents (complete with headings and page numbers) C. Introduction (Give an overview of project) D. Acknowledgements E. Body of Project Conclusion (summary of the project and how they benefited from doing the project) G. Refer ence page Assignment Part 1 Outline what your dream Job is upon leaving school and the qualifications necessary for obtaining that Job. Remember it must be an entry level position.One paragraph should be sufficient. Part 2 Create a resume tailed for your dream Job. This resume must truly reflect who you are while containing all the necessary parts. Part 3 Letters You are charged with the responsibility of constructing a cover letter to accompany your dream Job resume. This application letter must be addressed to a suitable organization. The letter is to be typed in full block style. Letters must have proper grammar, spelling and punctuation. Part 4 Using the information provided on the advertisement for Sour Sop Grove Hotel sections MUST be completed.Worksheet Part 5 Soup Sop Grove Hotel is seeking an individual to fill a position of Requirements for Receptionist: Must have over 5 EX. subjects Mathematics and English included 0 Computer Literate (Microsoft Word, Excel and Publisher) Must be between age 18 and over Must have a bubbly and pleasant personality Must be able to work under pressure Requirements for Accounts Clerk: Must have over 5 EX. subjects Accounting, Mathematics and English included Must have Cookbooks basic knowledge Must be able to work under little or no supervision Computer Literate Microsoft Word, Excel and Publisher) All applicants must be citizens of Antigen and Barbuda or have rights to work in Antigen and Barbuda. Only suitable applicants will be acknowledged. All applicants are required to send applications to the following address. Soup Sop Grove Hotel Human Resources Department Linesmen Beach SST. Marry Antigen Deadline for application is December 7th, 2013 You are required to do the following: 1 .Application letter 0 Write a letter applying for one of the positions in the above advertisements. 2. Follow-up letter 0 You have not received a reply to your application to Sour Sop Grove Hotel for the session for which you applied. Two m onths have passed. Write a follow-up letter. 3. Acceptance letter 0 Assume that you have been offered the position for which you have applied at the Sour Sop Grove Hotel. You were sent two copies of a contract of employment. Write a letter accepting the position. Letter Declining the Offer 4. 0 Assume for some reason you have decided not to accept the post offered you at the Sour Sop Grove Hotel. Write a letter to the firm declining the offer. 5.

The eNotes Blog Literary Love Quotes for YourValentine

Literary Love Quotes for YourValentine The media shows us two reactions to this little, commercial holiday: 1)  the lovey-dovey people feeding each other heart-shaped chocolates into their perfect, air-brushed mouths, and 2)  single, bitter people, doubling down on the BOGO chocolate at the local grocery store. Many of us, however, do not adhere to that binary system and enjoy reading love stories, bundling up with chocolate and/or a significant other, and taking the holiday as basically an ordinary day with cheap chocolate. By the way, there are some good deals on boxed chocolate when V-Day finally rolls around. In spirit of the holiday, enjoy the following collection of love-inspired quotes and the works from whence they came. Books dont have to fall under the taboo heading of romance to have a little of the good stuff, otherwise known as love. 1. Anna Karenina  by Leo Tolstoy Something of an untraditional love story, Anna Karenina follows a myriad of characters and their attempts, successful and not, to fall and stay in love.  Anyone familiar with this classic novel knows that while the love story between Kitty and Levin may not be intentionally drawn to the center stage, we as readers find ourselves drawn to the actual truth to their emotions rather than Annas less than committed feelings toward her husband. In fact, the union between Levin and Kitty serves as something of an  antithesis to the marriage between Anna and Alexi; while the latter married for status, the former married because they, you know, actually care for one another. Of course, the lovey aspect of the novel is not the sole purpose of the story, but it certainly makes up a large portion of it. 2. Persuasion  by Jane Austen Another classic tale of love filled with strife, unrequited (oh wait, yes! requited) feelings, confusion, and heartbreak- we read this stuff because we love it. After years of missing her beloved Captain Wentworth, Anne finds there may just be hope for their love after all. Honestly though, it wouldnt be much of a story if there wasnt even a chance.  Jane Austen was a pioneer for female authors and  opened the door for romance as a genre to be taken seriously. 3. Les Misà ©rables  by Victor Hugo Not all literary love must  fall under the umbrella of romance genre. Obviously, anyone with human contact and less than an all consuming dislike of all who share our evolutionary ancestors knows that. While of course Les Mis chronicles the touching love story of Cosette and Marius, one could (and many do) argue that the real love is between Cosette and her adoptive father figure (Jean Valjean, the totally dangerous convict/bread thief). Ever since he met her mother under *unfortunate circumstances* and took on the care of the girl, its clear that Valjean would do anything for little Cosette- including risk his life for Marius. Now, thats some father-daughter bonding. 4. Jane Eyre  by Charlotte Brontà « Another one of those stories where two people are in love, a misunderstanding rends them apart, and then theres the agony of the wondering whether or not theyll end up together and live happily ever after. This type of romance literature really made a moment for itself, didnt it? (See the above shoutout to Jane Austen). But if it isnt broken, dont fix it. To  Mr. Rochester, I will say that trying to marry someone (naming no names!) when youre wife is alive  (albeit crazy, but alive) and locked in a room upstairs, is considered an error of judgement regardless the time period. Or however much your *former* fiancee may love you. 5. Unaccustomed Earth  by Jhumpa Lahiri A cohesive collection of stories from a more modern era, Unaccustomed Earth follows the lives of of families who have emigrated from Bengali to the U.S. or the U.K. and how they adjust (or struggle to adjust) to their new way of life. These stories are a little less centered on love, but in that way might  be more relatable to us as the average reader. This quote in itself speaks to the reader- how many times have you seen a person for whom you have feelings, you make these little, arbitrary connections and, all of a sudden, youre soulmates! Maybe not exactly, but love makes us into silly critters and what better way to show that than to tell the tales of people trying to adjust to difficult circumstances and still being swept up in the tremulous tides of love? 6. Twenty-One Love Poems and a Song of Despair by Pablo Neruda Pablo Neruda was what one might refer to as an unusual fellow. In addition to the great literary works, spanning from poetry to novels (for which he began amassing fame at the ripe old age of ten), that he produced, Neruda also served as a senator to the Chilean Communist Party. On a more personal note, Neruda was also a big believer in love, though he didnt have a lot of luck finding it until later in life; after two unsuccessful and potentially loveless marriages, Neruda finally met the love of his life,  Matilde Urrutia, who served as his muse for the remainder of his life and career.  The collection Twenty-One Love Poems and a Song of Despair was written as a dedication to the love he felt for his third and final wife. 7. The Fault in Our Stars  by John Green Famous already for its merit, The Fault in Our Stars was catapulted to further fame when the movie was released just a couple of years ago. While the film received some good reviews, the big screen never quite captures the mood of a novel quite as well as the written word can. Two teens, Augustus and Hazel, battle cancer and find themselves bonding over their mutual love ofbooks. *Wipes tears.* But seriously, this one is a bit of a tear-jerker. The more you fall in love with the story of these two falling in love in spite of their health and against the odds, the more you find yourself hoping that the inevitable isevitable. 8. Winnie the Pooh  by A.A. Milne If youve grown up anytime from the 1920s to the present youve at least heard the name Winnie the Pooh. Someone, somewhere out there has done a thorough plot and content analysis of the big yellow bear and his pals, but suffice it to say that if ever youre in need of a little pick-me-up, throw this on the telly  or YouTube- pretty much all these old cartoons can be found on YouTube these days. 9. Gone with the Wind  by Margaret Mitchell Gone With the Wind has been a classic both in novel form and on the big screen for decades. The novel (well, the movie too) follows the story of Scarlett, a spoiled southern belle, her love interest, Ashley, and Ashleys love interest, Melanie. Im sure you can see where this is going and youre probably right. Scarlett, being beautiful and accustomed to getting what she wants simply by existing is not happy to be overlooked for a girl she deigns inferior to herself, though we imagine Scarlett found most women inferior to herself. Regardless, Ashley seems to care little about Scarletts scorned feelings and the bitter woman relieves herself of her frustration by tormenting other men. Of course, this is a brief, and rather targeted synopsis, the novel itself is rich in a wealth of historical details, deep characters, and heartstring-pulling moments. Scarlett just happens to take center stage as far as Gone With the Winds love focus is concerned.

How To Make Scented and Colored Bath Salts

How To Make Scented and Colored Bath Salts This is a recipe for making scented, colored bath salts. Difficulty: Average Time Required: 15 minutes Heres How: Mix salts together in a bowl.Stir in remaining ingredients. Generally a drop of two of fragrance is sufficient. Use ingredients containing water with care (color, certain fragrances), since too much water will dissolve salt.Spoon salts into the jars and seal them. Decorative labels listing ingredients are nice! Tips: Make certain jars are absolutely dry. Salts absorb moisture, so this project will work better in low humidity.Kitchen fragrances work well. Try extracts of vanilla, lemon, orange, cinnamon, or mint.Not all essential oils are appropriate for bathing! Suggestions to try include lavendar, rose geranium, rosemary, or jojoba.Colors or fragrances may be omitted, if desired, for persons with chemical sensitivities.Some essential oils are naturally colored (e.g., chamomile is blue). What You Need: 2 C Epsom Salts1 C Sea Salt or Rock Salt1/4 tsp GlycerineFood ColorsEssential Oils or PerfumeJars with Lids/Stoppers

The Differences between State and Federal Power Essay

The Differences between State and Federal Power - Essay Example The Federal government is also vested with the power to mint currency, set the standards for weights and measures and to ensure there is currency regulation. The components of the United States of America constitution that describe and detail the powers extended to the federal government are article one on the congress, article two on the presidency and article three on the judiciary (National Conference of State Legislatures, 2014). The exclusive powers extended to the state governments include, issue of licenses in the individual states, conducting of state or local elections, regulation of commerce between states and the provision of public health and safety in individual states. They also include punishing of criminals, making marriage laws, licensing of professionals and control of public education, and regulation of alcohol among others. These exclusive powers as vested in the United States of America constitution allow the states to make laws and decisions that cannot be interfered with by the federal government. Just as in the federal government, articles one which deals with the executive, two which deals with the legislative and three which deals with the judiciary are the parts that detail the powers extended to the state governments. This is because all state governments have constitutions that are modeled after the federal constitution, which has a legislative, executive and judicial arm. Power limitations of the federal government were mostly introduced to curb the possibility of a federal or national government that would extend its unbounded power to the states and trample on their natural rights. The said limitations were vested in the bill of rights, which was ratified in 1790. The ninth amendment, for example, states that since the people are the origin of all power, that they have more power than that which is vested in the

Emerging Technology -Facebook's Timeline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Emerging Technology -Facebook's Timeline - Essay Example Ever since this emerging technology was introduced, Facebook has made some significant improvements in its market orientation, which is largely focused on advertisement and marketing. Currently, the corporation attributes 85% of its revenues to advertisements, a situation that has shot the company’s revenues to an all time high in the high in the past five years. Facebook’s Timeline continues to bring the company profits because of the level of dedication that the company has for research and development, which makes it possible for it to provide user-centered service that accounts for the ever growing number of users of Facebook. Currently, there is a massive monthly active user base of 85 million people worldwide. This number, with the data collected through the Timeline makes the company the holder of most personal data than any other ad seller online can have access to. Keywords – advertisements; revenue; marketing; timeline; number game; Timeline; metadata; updates; information mining; research and development; cloud; social media network I. INTRODUCTION As technology advances and the internet become more and more useful, entrepreneurs, especially those whose business orientation is directed at information technology continues to take advantage, depending on their business strategies. More specifically, social media network has come to add up an entirely new paradigm to the concept of internet surfing (Arnould, Albert and Schau, 2009). Bickart, and Robert (2011) note that the total number of internet users have quadrupled since the introduction of social media networking. Clearly Facebook dominates when it comes to the concept of social media networking. But even so, the corporation continues to introduce very ideas and emerging technologies that ensures that it does not only become a global leader in the provision of social networking services but also well tailored advertising services to marketing departments of various multinationa l corporations. In its early days, no one really understood why Facebook will be so much committed to offering free social networking service that brought everyone on board from all over the world but now that the corporation has access to over 625,000 terabytes of compressed data on a daily basis and working hard as online ad sellers, much more sense is being made of the initial moves of the company to be committed to the provision of high quality social media networking service (Brown, Amanda and Nick, 2007). In this paper, there is a critical scrutiny at Facebook’s emerging technology in the form of Timeline to see how this emerging technology makes the corporation more competitive as an online ad seller. II. SURVEY FINDINGS A. Facebook’s Motivation No corporation undertakes a major business strategic program such as what Facebook did without having a core motivation that pushes it to do so (Shirky, 2008). In the case of the Facebook timeline, the motivation has bee n found as the need to have a better focus on advertisement as adverts account for as much as 85% of the corporation’s annual revenue (Surowiecki, 2012). In line with the need for companies to build competitive advantage for themselves in line with their market exposure and the search for customers, a lot more companies are putting emphasis on the 5P marketing mix (Terranova, 2000). But within the 5 strategic scenarios under the 5Ps, promotion has been found to be a very vital component because it has the power of directly targeting consumers or customers to get them to do business with

Business Environment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Environment - Assignment Example To meet their objectives and sustain the shareholders, a business may raise the dividend amount so as to offer satisfactory returns to this category of stakeholders. However, shareholders should not always expect huge returns; there is always an extent beyond a company may not go, depending on the economical status and market forces (Daphne, 2015, p.3). The objective of the government as one of the stakeholders is to ensure the operations of a business are ethically carried out and that taxation policies are adhered to. To meet this objective, an organisation must ensure that a business license is obtained before commencing its operations. It must observe regular and timely tax payment. However, higher taxation may lead to a downfall of business (Daphne, 2015, p.5). Government must, therefore, consider market structure and make its taxation as flexible as possible. The objectives of customers are sometimes very challenging to meet due to their compounded nature. Customers have put higher expectations on the product price, quality, quantity, taste, branding, taste and other related aspects of a product. A business owes customers all these duties. Depending on the level of competition and product differentiation, an organisation may not meet the exact needs of customers; one quality will always be missing. The very quality may be found in another product from a different organisation. Market structures are several interconnected factors that bind the seller, the buyers and the products. Normally, the type of market faced by a business firm will determine its decision on pricing and level of output. It should be noted that a business is never free to set the prices of its products; the pricing is always dependant of the preexisting forces in the market. It, thus, implies that the limit of profit is always a subject of the market structures (Ciliberto, 2009, p.180). The flexibility of a

The Creole language

The Creole language The Creole language that will be considered during this essay will be Mauritian Creole. Mauritius is found of the African continent, in the south west of the Indian ocean. This island was visited by the Portuguese in the early 16th Century, and by the Dutch in the 17th Century. They were the ones whom first permanently settled there, however due to certain conditions on the island, such as the weather conditions which they could not adapt to, caused them to leave some years later. At this time, the French were ruling the island near Mauritius, which is called la Reunion, and therefore saw this as an advantage and took control of Mauritius in the 18th Century, and as a result it was under the French rule. The French started importing slaves from different areas, such as East and West Africa, India and Madagascar and grew in numbers quite rapidly. They settled on the island using a Creole as a means of communication. Due to the increase in the numbers of slaves, the European population diminished, which caused the Creole language to expand. Some time later during the Napoleon war Britain took over, which meant that English became the language of the government and also education. However, French was still the language used in other domains, but Creole was used the most. At the moment the population of Mauritius is around 1.2 million, whom all speak the Creole language, even though it has been known that English is the official language. In A.Richards book, he states that English is not the preferred language regardless of the fact that it has a colonial past on the island and that â€Å"beyond school and work it is rarely used.†He adds that, â€Å"the official language of Mauritius is English, although most Mauritians are more comfortable speaking French. The language of the people, however, is Creole.†(A.Richards, R.Ellis, D.Shuurman P21) Although Creole is spoken by the majority of its inhabitants, â€Å"people who want to climb the social ladder† are now choosing French or English. â€Å"This fact proves again the sociological content of pidgins and creoles. In most areas they are spoken by the lower classes and abandoned as soon as a person aspires to a higher position in society.†(M.K Adler P54) In actual fact, the pidgins of Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean areas all have â€Å"connections with each other through European colonisation and the slavery system.†(M.Sebba P169) Firstly the term ‘Creole will be taken into consideration, in order to get a better understanding of what will be explained. â€Å"This term has been appropriated by linguists to describe a particular group of languages spoken not only by Black populations in and around the Caribbean, but in many other locations world-wide.†(H.Nwenmely P15) When people from different origins came together, the only way they could communicate would be with simple vocabulary and grammar. Therefore, pidgin as a language was used, until it was expanding and therefore resulting in Creole which, â€Å"results fulfils all the communication needs of its speakers but, while the vocabulary is drawn from the dominant language, the structures which it uses are often very different, and, in many cases, derive from the subordinate languages.†(H.Nwenmely P16) Let us examine the connection between Creole and pidgin language. It can be said that there exists a strong link between Creole and pidgin because if the original language that is spoken by the native speakers is a pidgin, it has been nativised. In other words, it has become a creole language. â€Å"The idea that creole languages are nativised pidgins emerged during the late sixties and developed in the seventies.†(C.Lefebvre P14) Usually, a Creole becomes more complex and refined than a pidgin, which then results in â€Å"its vocabulary expands, its grammar stabilises and its pronunciation becomes more fixed†. (M.K Adler P14) According to C.Lefebvre, â€Å"Creoles can emerge rapidly, in this case in one generation†(P15) Pidgins are known to be more of a second language, in other words a language which is learnt throughout generations, whilst Creole is developed by children as a native language. Therefore, pidgins are â€Å"contact languages without native speak ers,†whilst Creoles are â€Å"contact languages with native speakers.†(M.Sebba P169) Nevertheless we need to remember that even though pidgins and creoles are different, they both ‘share structural features such as grammatical simplicity and small vocabularies when compared with their lexifiers. (M.Sebba P168) In general, Mauritian Creole is an easy language to be learnt as â€Å"there are no grammatical rules†andâ€Å"English, French and Indian words can be adapted by â€Å"Creolising† them.†(A.Richards, R.Ellis, D.Shuurman P21) Therefore, the speaker can utilise the language to communicate in a non-structured way, whereby the style of speaking, vocabulary, syntax, phonology or grammatical structures can be as good and as acceptable as any other language, as it is also â€Å"not formalized and as such does not have a dictionary.† (http://www.economicexpert.com/a/Mauritian:Creole.htm) One main linguistic feature which can be examined in the Mauritian Creole, is the lexifier. â€Å" Where a single language is identified as the source of the majority of the lexicon of a pidgin or creole, it is known as the lexifier†¦the lexifier often equates with the European colonisers language where there is one.†(M.Sebba P25) This language contains many words from the French language, but according to Sebba, she states that â€Å"Baker (1972) notes that more than 150 words are derived from English, more than 50 from Indian languages and several from Malagasy and Chinese.†(M.Sebba P144). It is possible to say that many words clearly origin from the French words but in the Creole lexicon, for example the French ‘le, la, l is usually connected with the noun it affects. Moreover in French, articles are frequently joined with the preposition ‘de. However, in Mauritian Creole, the sound which is produced can undoubtedly be reflected into a single word. E xamples of this could be ‘le pied in French, which in English means foot, becomes ‘lipye in Mauritian Creole. Furthermore, de leau meaning water in English, becomes ‘dilo in Mauritian Creole. As we can see, the articles which exist in the French language, ‘le and ‘la becomes part of the actual word itself. Nevertheless, some words that exist have completely changed their meanings. One example would be â€Å"gayh†, which means â€Å"to have something† in Mauritian, which originally comes from the French word â€Å"gagner†, meaning â€Å"to win something.† Phonology is another aspect which can be examined. This term can be described as the study of sounds, and in this case, the study of the sound system of Mauritian Creole. Phonology can be linked with the organs of speech (palates, alveolar ridge) and how it is used, and also it can mean the features of sound, for example accents and intonation. The sound system for Mauritian Creole is very similar to French, however it still has some obvious differences. This can be said as â€Å"the Creole does not have some of the more deeper and rounded consonants that the French does. For example, manger (eat) in Creole is written manzer and is spoken the same as the French, with the exception that the more rounded g sound in the French is flattened to sound like the s in the English word vision.†(http://www.economicexpert.com/a/Mauritian:Creole.htm) Another aspect which can be recognised is the rounded vowels which exist, such as â€Å"U† and â€Å"EU† that are pronounced as â€Å"I†, â€Å"U†, â€Å"E† and â€Å"O†, which in French are usually pronounced as â€Å"U† and â€Å"EU†. Another striking example would be â€Å"among the many phonological regularities in the derivation of Mauritian Creole words from French is the following tidy principle: French nasal vowels remain nasal†¦but when the French is followed by a word final voiced plosive (d, b, or g) the final plosive is dropped, the MC vowel is denasalised†and â€Å"m,n and ng becomes a sharply pronounced consonant.†(Seuren P100-101) The Mauritian orthography also generally follows French, but some silent letters are not taken into account, which cuts the number of ways in which the same word can be spelt. The vocabulary, in other words, the words or phrases used in Mauritian Creole is interesting to examine. M.Vaughan investigates the languages slave roots. According to her, the linguist and folklorist Charles Baissac reports how Creole uses â€Å"guetter† (to look for) instead of â€Å"regarder† (look). Similarly, â€Å"roder† (to prowl) means â€Å"chercher† (to search in French). Nouns are also important in Mauritian Creole as they do not change when they are pluralised. As a consequence, whether a noun is singular or plural can only be verified by the context. For example, the word â€Å"ban† is put before the noun in order to change the sentence to the plural form, â€Å"ban dimoune† meaning those people, whilst â€Å"dimoune† on its own would mean people. Even though the French â€Å"un/une† is equivalent to the Mauritian â€Å"en†, the way in which it can be used is different. In Creole the article â€Å"la† is used, however it is placed after the noun it changes. In French you would say, â€Å"un chat†, â€Å"le chat†, â€Å"les chats†, whilst in Mauritian you would say â€Å"en chat†, â€Å"chats-la†, ban-chats.† Whether or not the pronoun is the subject, object, possessive, male or female, there is only one word which is used to describe these. This word is â€Å"li†, which can be used to describe he, she, him, her, it or hers. There are also words which are used in sentences to indicate the tenses. For past tense, the word â€Å"ti† is used before the action, â€Å"fin† is used to mark the perfect tense, and â€Å"va† for future. The syntax of Mauritian Creole, especially the use of their question words is also interesting to note, which DeGraff explains in his book. The way in which Creole contrasts with both the English and French language is that it does not have a â€Å"subject-auxiliary inversion in connection with wh-movement.†(DeGraff P78) For example, if we directly translate the phrase â€Å"ki u ule fer dinmen?†, it would be â€Å"what you want make tomorrow?†, and in idiomatic English, â€Å"what do you want to do tomorrow?†(P78) Another example would be, â€Å"kan nu ti fer fet la?†, directly meaning â€Å"when we TNS make party DET?†and in idiomatic English, â€Å"when did we have the party?†(P78) DeGraff continues to comment that â€Å"most question words are created in Mauritian Creole by prefixing ‘ki to nouns of time, place, way and so on, which are drawn from the French lexicon.†(DeGraff P78) He then follows on by explaining †Å"such a bio morphemic way of forming wh-words appears to be typical for Creole languages.†(DeGraff P78) On the other hand, while it seems that some structural elements of Mauritian Creole are typical of creoles in general, it is important to note that Mauritian Creole is not entirely typical of Creole languages. We can take H.Wekkers opinion on this when he comments that typically â€Å"creolization is best described as a gradual process of language formation, involving a period of bilingualism in which substrate features will be transmitted.†(Wekker,H P140) He also discusses about â€Å"abrupt creolization†as a way for development when there is â€Å"extremely limited access†to the main language, but that this manner of development of a Creole language is â€Å"the exception rather than the rule.†(P141) However, we can consider that according to some theorists, Mauritian Creole is a perfect example of this kind of abrupt creolisation, whereby the language is a â€Å"radical creole.† (DeGraff P77). As a matter of fact in Sebbas book, she discusses how in 1773, it was stated in a newspaper advertisement how a lost slave did not understand the Creole language. This therefore indicates that twenty two years after the slaves were first imported to Mauritius, â€Å"an identifiable local language had developed,†(Sebba P142) which caused the slaves difficulty in comprehending. Without a doubt, this means that it can be said that this language is not essentially typical of the Creole languages in general as Mauritian Creole seemed to have developed very quickly and not necessarily derived from a pidgin language. Baker and Corne also suggest this in their book, as they believe that Mauritian Creole originated on the island of Mauritius between the years of 1727 and 1738, without ever having any connections with the pidgin languages. Moreover, they suggest that it was the slave children who created the Mauritian Creole, as when they were born in Mauritius, they outnumbered the white settlers. On the other hand of this suggestion, R ichard says â€Å"it evolved from the pidgin used by the French masters of the 18th Century to communicate with their slaves or their masters who invented the Creole language.†(A.Richards, R.Ellis, D.Shuurman P21) Therefore there is an argument which concerns to whether or not it was the slaves or their masters whom created and developed the Mauritian Creole. The fact that Mauritian Creole lacks the pidgin language, it makes it unusual and according to Wekker, it is therefore quite an â€Å"exceptional† language. (Wekker P141)

Essay --

Brian Daniels March 12, 2014 Heart of Darkness In Heart of Darkness, Conrad presents us with two classes of â€Å"darkness†. The savage nature of the natives and the brutality of European imperialism, asking which of the two is the greater evil. In the beginning of the novel, Conrad establishes his thoughts on imperialism through the main character Marlow. The idea of â€Å"darkness† is emphasized from the title of the novel, and continues to play an important role throughout the story. Darkness governs almost everything in the novel. The secluded and harsh attitudes Europeans held towards the native’s increases the darkness throughout the novel. Conrad's novel, Heart of Darkness, is based on the historical period of imperialism in order to describe Marlow’s struggle. Marlow is asked by "the company", the organization who he works for, to travel to the Congo River and report back to them about Mr. Kurtz, a top notch officer of theirs. When he first sets sail, he doesn't know what to expect. Marlow's experience in Africa stirs hate at the brutalizing effects of colonialism, a hatred tha...

Bulgarian Identity and Folklore

The tapestry of a Bulgarian’s life is interwoven with the country’s rich and colorful folklore, songs and dances, varied festivals and witty proverbs. The folk culture which has been preserved through the centuries is an intrinsic part of a Bulgarian’s daily activities. The spirit and identity of a Bulgarian is entwined with the folk traditions and customs, as it influences and shapes his way of thinking.Also, a history of suffering under the Ottoman rule and coming through it with their identity intact, adds a special dimension to the people of Bulgaria, packing power to the motto â€Å"unity makes strength. † The courage that the peasant community displayed in clinging to their cultural identity, under the â€Å"Turkish yoke,† united them to fight for their freedom. The determination that they displayed in preserving their identity under extremely oppressive conditions, tells us why the modern Bulgarian army never lost a flag.This essay will first learn what â€Å"identity† means to a Bulgarian and then move on to study the historical facts that shaped the Bulgarian identity as it is today. It will explore how Bulgarian identity has survived over the centuries and how the folklore traditions in its entirety, bonds Bulgarians scattered all over the world to their motherland. This essay will also provide a glimpse into the Bulgarian folk culture including festivals, rituals, proverbs mythology and music, which have kept the Bulgarian identity and spirit alive round the world even today.Shaping the identity In 19th century Eastern Europe, the emerging nation-states depended on their peasant traditions, which had survived foreign invasion and dominance, to form an definite idea of what they stood for. According to Herder, every nation is an organic entity with its own native cultural institutions and pure spirit which are best reflected in the folk poetry of the peasants. If a nation is to seek political sovereignty, it m ust find its pure spirit and build its future on the cultural traditions of the past.The native peasants were thus viewed as the soul of the nation, and folklore their legitimate expression. For the people of Bulgaria, their folk culture was also a weapon, which they used as an inspiration to unite and fight for their freedom. The Haidouk folk songs – about the heroes who hid in the mountains and formed a band of guerilla fighters – influenced the people of Bulgaria to join the bands and fight against the oppression of the turks, which tells us how powerful folklore is.Today, folk culture in Bulgaria is carefully preserved and taken forward with government-sponsorship, through various organizations and festivals. The government understands that folk culture, with its vital music and traditions, is what keeps Bulgarians together, no matter where they are. For the Bulgarian community, the traditions will always remain a part of life. The beliefs, knowledge, traditions an d value system still plays a major part in social and cultural interaction.This explains why ethnic discourse is so often â€Å"objectified† in folk culture events in Bulgaria, and why folk texts of various kinds are so widely used in it. In fact everyday life is dominated by the folklore traditions because they are regarded as a system of values, norms, texts, patterns and technologies. According to William R Bascom, ethnomusicologist, folklore serves to sanction and validate religious, social, political and economic institutions and plays an important role as an educative device in its transmission from one generation to another.He therefore suggests that folklore must be examined in better detail and care, because it gives us a clearer picture of the facts that shapes the destiny of a culture. Through the oral traditions of folklore, hundreds of songs, legends, rituals and tales are handed down to the present. Traditions that go back to Slavic antiquity are still alive tod ay, for example, the ritual sharing of sweetened wheat to commemorate the death of a loved one, forty days after his decease.Another tradition, this one peculiar to the Bulgarians, is the exchange of â€Å"martenici. † According to which, the year begins on March first (mart is Bulgarian for March). As part of the tradition, a red string, is attached to children’s wrists as well as animals’ necks and tails – to combat evil. This is one of the most popular custom among Bulgarians world-wide. On this day a string is offered to each member of the family and to all of one’s friends, in order to bring them health and happiness throughout the year.Another unique aspect of Bulgaria which differentiates it from the rest of the world is its special voice. It is said that there is nothing in this world to match the Bulgarian voice, which is why a Bulgarian folk song performed by Valya Balkanska was recorded on a gold CD and sent aboard the Voyager to be the earth’s ambassador in alien worlds. Bulgarian folksongs too are singular in nature.There might be a folk song for every occasion from field work to harvest, from birth to a funeral, for any stage of life that you can think of, but they are not repetitive and Bulgarian music remains exceptional. The folk songs and the dances afford a rich background for the understanding of the spirit, that kept alive, the spark of national feeling for over five hundred years under foreign occupation.The unconscious pictures that people create of themselves are more authentic and more accurate than any other source that we can secure and the Bulgarian peasant through the medium of folklore has painted a picture of what he considers important. Folklore customs aside, in Bulgaria the official historic pillars of identity are three, chosen by the government, for their various positive and shining qualities. First of all the Protobulgarians – warriors, who defeated the superpower Byzantium and established a state on its land in the 7th century.Secondly the Slavs – industrious, egalitarian, freedom-loving people, useful in times of pro-Russian orientation and finally the Thracian ancestors – ancient, wise, peaceful. It was the Thracians who contributed the Kukeri traditions and the ever-popular day of Baba Marta. The Slavs are said to have created the traditional circular Bulgarian folk dances and the lucky number three. Without knowing it, these centuries-old civilizations worked together to create a modern culture for their descendants.Today, Bulgarians consider both the Slavs and the Thracians to be their ancestors. However, history proves that the more primitive Thracians were here first. If we look into the symbols that can be associated with the Bulgarian identity, the Balkan mountains and the Balkan lion stand out, both for obvious reasons. The Balkans appear as symbols of shelter in many folk songs for the haidouks, the venerated resistance-fighte rs, who in turn were the symbol of Bulgaria's urge for national liberty.The â€Å"Balkan lion† as the epitome of Bulgaria's victorious spirit too appeared in the first national hymn of the country, composed by Nikola Zhivkov . Despite decades of oppression or maybe because of it, the Bulgarians have an identity that is rich and vital. The concept of this identity stands on the stable foundation of a folk culture which incorporates strength, humor, wisdom, music as well as a unique and varied mythology.But, there is another school of thought which begs to differ in the matter of Balkan stability and provides a different point of view. Always traumatic and unstable, Balkan reality invites discourses of domination. Within this asymmetrical system of antagonisms and co-operation, stereotypes of Balkan character emerge as identities. It is said that the Balkan identity has been a potent channeling tool in the cultural exorcism of civilized Europe.The challenge for Balkan scholars, though they desire a modern non-ethnic identity, is to resist the lure of globalization. But, since the Balkan countries lack what it takes, the region’s best resistance to globalization is to foster an alliance of cultural critics across ethnic and professional lines. A window to the Bulgarian history History tells us that the Bulgarians are Asiatic in origin. Kinsmen of the Huns and Avars whose earlier raids had greatly disturbed the peace-loving Slavs.The Bulgarians were the first Asiatic people who established a permanent home in Balkania. They effected the conquest of the Slavs, but in the course of about two centuries were absorbed by the more numerous race, and largely lost their identity. Intermarriage and mixture of blood modified the physical type of the Bulgars. They lost their language and were converted to the same type of Greek Orthodox Christianity as the Slavs. They adopted the same Cyrillic alphabet and became thoroughly Slavicized.Nothing but the name Bulga rian remains to associate them with their Asiatic forebears. In the tenth century, Bulgaria came under the direct control of Byzantium, but recovered its independence in 1197 after a long struggle. The Bulgarian ruler at the time, Kalojan, set the seal on this victory in 1204 by having himself crowned the King of Bulgaria by a papal envoy. The second Bulgarian state thus inaugurated lasted until the Ottoman conquest, which took place in 1393. After that, the country ceasedto exist as a separate entity until the nineteenth century. Whatever Bulgarian culture survived through this period did so ‘behind the protective walls of monasteries. ’ Turkish rule lasted five centuries and is viewed by Bulgarian scholars as â€Å"the darkest period in the history of the Bulgarian people. † The Bulgarians were the last of the Balkan peninsula to attain their liberation. Perhaps because of the proximity to Constantinople, the hand of the Turk was felt more heavily in Bulgaria t han elsewhere.The only thing that continued was the village system in which the peasants were allowed to handle their own affairs. Oppressive, too, was the domination of the Phanariote clergy. This was even worse than the civil oppression of the Turks, because the clergy pursued a systematic policy of obliterating all evidences of Bulgarian culture and literature. In 1825, Illarion, the Greek Metropolitan of Tirnovo, made a bonfire of the old library of the Bulgarian Patriarchate, which till then had survived all the vicissitudes of the Turkish era.So thoroughly was this accomplished that the Bulgarians had actually passed out of the consciousness of Europe till the beginning of the nineteenth century. Bulgarian schools were closed, manuscripts were destroyed, and with the extinction of the Bulgarian archbishopric of Ochrida, the last stronghold of the old national Church, to which the Bulgarians had clung tenaciously, disappeared. It seemed that nothing could save the Bulgarians fr om complete Hellenization.Early in the nineteenth century, however, signs of a literary and cultural renaissance, the invariable prelude to a revival of nationalism, began to appear in Bulgaria. From the study of their past, the Bulgarians discovered their true identity and then went on to fight for it. Bulgaria’s chequered history, the points where it differs from the rest of the Europe and the fact that it serves to protect Europe from the imminent Islamic invasion also shapes its identity.Bulgarian historians, who also serve as national ideologists, always point out that it shields and protects Europe – a role that Europe is expected to understand and appreciate. Also the point here is to prove that Bulgaria was a cradle of European culture and that its history is intrinsically connected with Europe's development. Interestingly enough, at the same time historians take pride in matters that actually separate Bulgaria from the West European cultural tradition – the fact that it adopted the Cyrillic alphabet, and did not accept Roman Catholicism.The history of the country, which was conquered by the Turks in 1396, but managed to preserve its specific Slavic cultural and national identity throughout the five centuries, until 1878, when its European identity re-emerged, is stressed repeatedly. Folk culture In the field of culture, a long hard battle had to be waged against the Greeks, who by reason of their domination of the Church, gained a stranglehold on Bulgarian culture and even on the Bulgarian language.There was thus very little cultural advance until the end of eighteenth century, and it is small wonder that until recently Bulgaria was regarded as a very backward country. After the collapse of the Bulgarian Empire and its subsequent absorption into the Ottoman lands, the cultural level of Bulgaria reached an impasse. But soon a striking development of folk songs was noticed throughout the region. In the western part of the country th ese were largely epic, connected with the Serb epic cycles.These songs have a greater connection with the historical events that they purport to recount. The songs of the western region were less poetic, sober and realistic. In the east, however lyrical songs predominated. It was in such a condition, where traces of the popular language were slowly making their way into the written forms of Church Slavonic, that modern literature came into being and inspired national resurgence. Bulgarian folklore, mythology and festivals Bulgarian folklore exhibits a certain duality in nature.On the one hand, folklore is displayed as a spiritual expression of an agrarian type of society, where the central point is to recreate the annual farming cycle and the human life cycle in a tradition, based on folklore ritualism. On the other hand, it is permeated by the historical time of the Bulgarians. The interpretation of this time has found its most imposing expression in the Bulgarian heroic epic, simi lar to the epical sagas of other cultures.Furthermore, mythology too pops out from every nook and cranny in Bulgaria, in seemingly unlikeliest of places. Bulgarian mythology, with its in vampires and goblins, samodivi and dragons, endless tales with fantastic plots, for example in – A Lad Outruns the Sun, A Maiden Outshines the Sun – makes the Bulgarian culture such a rich and interesting one. It is amazing the way in which the Bulgarian folklore, mythology and festivals along with dance, music and assorted rituals come together in a holistic manner.They connect the spiritual growth of the Bulgarians with the cultural traditions of the other Balkan nations, irrespective of their religious identification and independent ethnic history. It could be said that when all these three elements come together, it reveals, a profound relationship with the Bulgarian daily experience and historical destiny. Somewhere the smaller events of life fall together in harmony to make the b ig picture.Among rituals and ceremonies, marriage and the continuity of the community is arguably the most important theme in the Bulgarian calendar, along with farm-related rituals. All festivals stress on these two points one way or the other. The most popular marriage-related ritual is the contrasting mid-winter and spring- time ceremonies for males and females respectively. For example, unmarried young lads, on 24 December, after midnight, visit each and every house, forming bands called ‘koledari or survakari’ and sing songs with an intricate mythical content.Similarly in the springtime, the maidens form ritual groups of girls, known as lazarki , perform a specific repertory full of tragic themes. In this context, the Bulgarian masquerade ritualism is very rich. The lazarki and koledari rituals are female and male life cycle initiations respectively. They prepare the males and females for the stage of matrimony. To elaborate on the theme, let us list a few festival s and rituals that allows us a glimpse into the two big wheels of folk life – life and farm cycle.The festivals in Bulgaria are innumerous and definitely merit a section of their own. According to ethnographers, the overall number of Bulgarian festive rites exceeds 11,000 – a plentitude of customs accompanying Bulgarian people's lives from the cradle to the grave. Here are a few popular festivals celebrated in Bulgaria. The Martenitsa Tradition – Baba Marta, Grandma Marta This is by far the most popular festival of Bulgarians and is celebrated world-wide by Bulgarians. This is a unique Bulgarian custom which originates from the ancient Thracians.The earliest martenitsas were made of white and red woolen threads to which a silver or gold coin was occasionally tied. Other rituals observed on March 1 include women dressing all over in red and in North-eastern Bulgaria, the lady of the house would toss a red cloth over a fruit tree or spread red wool onto a field to secure fertility. In stock-breeding areas, a white-and-red thread was commonly tied to the livestock. The tradition is still alive and widely respected.Every year on March 1, Bulgarians all over the world present each other with martenitsas, thus introducing and spreading this very Bulgarian custom, to a broader canvas of people. New year celebrations The most colorful set of winter calendar customs is that of New Year's celebration. From time immemorial, the fireplace and the table spread have been symbols of generosity and abundance. The richer the spread, the more fruitful the coming year is expected to be. It is a custom observed nation-wide.The koledari would go from house to house singing carols and wishing health and prosperity to the family. The koledari's dress and costume ornaments differ from region to region. This custom is characterized by extremely colorful rituality involving songs, blessings, and dances. The koledari perform on Christmas Eve as well. Having to do wi th the Julian and the Gregorian calendar, the customs have preserved their original vitality and are related to the anticipation of fertility. Ladouvane or Singing to RingsThis is another New Year's custom, expressing an young girls' eagerness to get married and enjoy a happy family life. Ladouvane or koumichene is a maidens' rite performed on the day before New Year only in the areas of Western Bulgaria, Central Balkan Range and in some regions along the Danube River. In the rest of the country, it is celebrated on Midsummer’s Day. Koukeri – the mummers tradition Koukerovden marks the beginning of the spring calendar. Everybody makes his own mask competing to show greater personal skill and craftsmanship.Therefore, no two ritual masks are alike and the men take great pride in displaying their masks. Young men in masks, visit houses and distribute gifts as part of the tradition. Todorovden – St Theodore's Day St Theodore's Day is celebrated six days after Shrove tide. It is also known as â€Å"Horses' Easter† because of the horse races commonly held on that day. According to folk tradition, newly married women would make a ritual Theodore's round loaf of bread decorated with a dough-modelled image of a horse's head.The ancient roots of this folk festival lie in Thracian mythology. The horse is a sun symbol, while the horseman is known in the Bulgarian lands through the cult of the Thracian Horseman. Trypon Zarezan – Vinegrower's Day Trypon Zarezan is celebrated during the first half of February. It is an old occupation-related custom. On this day, observed throughout the country, the vines are pruned and sprinkled with wine. In some areas, a Vine King is chosen and he is crowned with a wreath of wine twigs.Blagovets – Annunciation Day The festival of Blagovets, celebrated on March 25, symbolizes the beginning of spring – swallows returning from the southern lands. Popular Christian mythology associates the day wi th the story of Virgin Mary sitting in the garden and sewing, then leaning and smelling a sprig of basil and thus getting pregnant. Being an ancient festival, Blagovets is laden with old-time rites shrouded in popular Christianity. Easter Easter is the most revered festival in the Church calendar of Orthodox Christians.Making Easter cakes was introduced in Bulgaria as late as the 1920’s, but nowadays it has a very important place in the Bulgarian people's customs. Typical of the festival is the dying of eggs, a custom much enjoyed by all. St George’s Day St George’s Day is among the most important folk festivals. It is observed on May 6 and marks the beginning of trading activity and stock-breeding for the year. Its expressive rituality has been preserved to date.On the night before St George's Day, young boys would pick blossoming willow twigs to decorate the house, the pens, and the livestock for health. During the night, the sheep were turned out to feed beca use that night's dew on the grass is believed to have a curative powers. Bulgaria could easily be called the land of festivals, with almost every other day in the calendar being a festival of sorts. But it is the very same festivals, in all their abundance and glory, which prove to be at the core of the Bulgarian identity.Festivals are as a rule, a time when people socialize and bond, thus the plentiful festivals may explain the strong ties that Bulgarians world-wide share with their motherland. Story telling in Bulgarian culture Humor mixed with huge dollops of wit and a fine appreciation for life is what endears the native Bulgarian story-telling to the world. Bulgaria’s Nasreddin Hodja is a name everybody recognizes. This witty character is always getting the better of his rival comical character Hitar Petar.In fact Hodja can be termed the classic Bulgarian who endures hardship with loads of humor, wit and resourcefulness. As regards story-telling, the Bulgarian folk tale is characterized by its interest in the magical, its commitment with various everyday life events, confronting the rich and the poor, the clever and the fool, as well as by its abundance of candid and natural humor. The Bulgarian has a feeling for the legendary, most often associated with an old-testament imagery, and a live sense of historical narrative.Storytelling in Bulgaria is particularly enticing because the folklore memory travels into the realm of magical creatures, buried treasures, heroes who save the world, vampires, angels and healing spells†¦all fantastic and captivating. It also reminds us of the remote roots of the Bulgarian folk culture. Chase two rabbits and you catch none†¦ Classic proverbs like this one are as much a part of the everyday experience of the Bulgarian peasant as are his folk verse, song and tale.The proverb plays a more important role in the life of the Bulgarian than it does in the peasant civilizations of other European countries. As wit nessed in many other cultures of the world, the proverb is a focal point in conversation, argument or rhetoric. It is widely used to express compactly an idea or to create a mental image. It is a true mirror on the inner life of the people, of the conditions which prevail in their lives, of their morals and of their manners.Many Bulgarian proverbs are crudely expressed, internal evidence that they stem from the folk and are thus authentic. The proverbs also help in understanding the psyche of the man who uses a particular proverb. Here is a good one – An idle man makes a good prophet. Bulgarian music, folk songs and theater A Bulgarian can never be separated from his music. A character shared by the rest of the world you could say, but it is not all who share the fine appreciation for music that Bulgarians instinctively have.For a Bulgarian, life is a musical, with all its accompaniment. For him there is no plateau in life – joy, sorrow, loneliness or death that exists without music and suitable lyrics. Internationally, the Bulgarian music fascinates both the general public and the experts. At the turn of the century, the Bulgarian folklore tradition was given some new impulses, mainly in Macedonia and Thrace. Influenced by the revolutionary reality, a considerable number of songs were created.The musical expression of this cultural system has its regional and general characteristics for example, the Rhodope song, Thracian song, Shopp song, Macedonian song, among others. But the specific Bulgarian two-voice songs, and the phenomenon of irregular beats are unique. Regional variations are not strictly delineated, but certain typical characteristics have formed several musical dialects: North-Bulgarian, Dobroudjanian, Thracian, Shopp, the Pirin Mountains area, the Sredna Gora region, and Rhodopian.The distinguishing features of the Bulgarian folk song can be traced along three lines – homophonic, rhythm and vocal wealth. Today the Bulgarian f olk tradition is revived in the context of the specific new phenomena in music, where various styles and forms of genre meet as is witnessed in all parts of the world, in almost all cultures. In Bulgaria at the same time, there is a growing presence of performers coming from different ethnic groups, chiefly Gypsies, whose musical art has been exerting its influence on the Bulgarian folklore for a good while.What makes the Bulgarian folk song special is its rhythm and vocal wealth. They are of a caliber described by the experts as ranging from fantastic richness to primitive monotony. The extended time inherent in the folksongs are its distinguishing feature, as it is non-existent in the rest of the European music. Theater too is part of the Bulgarian love for expression. Once Bulgaria was free, its natural aptitude and love for music, drama, song and dance came to the fore.It is a fact that the musical theater in its informal form has always played a major role in Bulgarian culture. But after independence, classical operettas, revues, vaudeville, children's plays, and modern musical comedies flourished under the indulgent eyes of the Bulgarians. In a deliberate move to bring professionals together to explore this genre, the government established the State Musical Theater in 1948. The Bulgarian involvement with operetta, goes back to about seventy-five years.The State Musical Theater is the heir to a tradition that reached its high point during the 1930s. At that same time, private ensembles such as the Free Theater of the Renaissance, the Cooperative Theater, and the Odeon performed numerous works for enthusiastic audiences. An impressive standard was established which is appreciated all over the world today. The Bulgarian talent in the area of music, voice and opera is legendary, with people flocking to enjoy what the masters have in store for them.Bulgarians Abroad While there were no Bulgarian political institutions during the Ottoman era, the Bulgarian cu lture and language were well preserved as a result of Ottoman policy, which made no real attempt at cultural, religious, or linguistic assimilation. Gradually, both the formation of crafts guilds called esnafs, whose members underwrote the promotion of Bulgarian culture, and through the medium of education, Bulgarian cultural and ethnic consciousness spread.By the 1870s, there were thousands of Bulgarians living outside of their homeland in such places as Vienna, Bucharest, Odessa, Bessarabia and Constantinople and were to be a major influence on the Bulgarian Revival. The interest toward Bulgarian folk songs and dance has been sustained in the past two decades by a number of highly professional and amateur groups – American, Japanese, Dutch, Danish, among others and has culminated in the success of the Swiss recording of â€Å"Le mystere des voix bulgares,† followed by a worldwide tour of the Bulgarian vocal ensemble.The craving for Bulgarian folklore in the West is a basically urban phenomenon. For the foreigners, the representations of Bulgarian folklore music – the sound icon of Bulgarians is a fascinating one. During the 1970s, interest in Bulgarian female polyphony exploded in the wake of the American folk revival and the women's liberation movement.Groups began springing up all over, at colleges and community centers, often incorporating dance as well as singing. Although in the early years, instructors were mostly Americans, in the past decade, since the fall of the Bulgarian communist government in 1989, more and more Bulgarian instructors have been able to come to the United States to teach vocal and instrumental skills. Bulgarian folk songs and performers are liked and praised ar